Dark urine can result from which of the following?

Dark urine can be caused by multiple factors, and the presence of dehydration, food dyes, and infections all contribute to this symptom.

When the body is dehydrated, urine concentration increases, leading to a darker color due to a higher concentration of waste products and pigments. This is a common and often straightforward indication that the body needs more fluids to maintain proper hydration levels.

Food dyes, especially those found in certain beverages or foods, can also alter the color of urine. Consuming items like beets or certain bright-colored drinks can impart a darker hue to urine, which is typically harmless.

Infections, particularly those affecting the urinary tract, can cause dark urine as well. In these cases, the presence of blood, pus, or other substances can change the urine's normal appearance, signaling an underlying issue that might require medical attention.

Since all of these factors can result in dark urine, the answer encompasses the full range of possibilities that could explain the symptom.