What does a urine specimen test evaluate?

A urine specimen test serves multiple purposes, and its evaluation typically includes measuring specific gravity, sugar, ketones, and protein levels.

Specific gravity indicates the concentration of the urine and helps evaluate hydration status or kidney function. The presence of sugar (glucose) can indicate conditions such as diabetes, while ketones are often tested to assess metabolic states, particularly in uncontrolled diabetes or during fasting. Additionally, checking for protein can signal kidney disease or other medical issues since healthy kidneys typically do not allow significant amounts of protein to pass into the urine.

While other options mention components or conditions that may be evaluated through more specific tests or assessments, the comprehensive evaluation addressed in this answer aligns directly with the common parameters measured during standard urine analysis.