What is indicated by an above normal WBC count?

An above normal white blood cell (WBC) count is indicative of leukocytosis. This condition signifies an increase in the number of white blood cells in the bloodstream, which often occurs in response to various physiological stressors or pathological conditions. Common causes of leukocytosis can include infections, inflammation, allergic reactions, and stress, reflecting the body's immune response being activated.

Leukopenia, which refers to a decrease in WBC count, is not associated with an elevated count. Dehydration can sometimes lead to a relative increase in WBC concentration due to plasma volume contraction, but it does not inherently cause a true increase in white blood cell production. Severe malnutrition can also lead to a decrease in WBC count as nutrients are necessary for the production and proper functioning of the immune cells. Thus, the identification of leukocytosis as the correct answer is foundational, as it directly correlates with the pathological mechanisms that lead to an increased WBC count.