What is meant by 'adverse effect' in relation to medication?

The term 'adverse effect' in relation to medication refers to a harmful or abnormal result that occurs as a consequence of taking a drug. These effects can be unintended and can vary in severity, potentially leading to complications or worsening a patient’s condition. Adverse effects are important to monitor because they can significantly affect patient safety and treatment outcomes.

In contrast, options that refer to beneficial outcomes or expected side effects do not align with the definition of an adverse effect. While side effects may occur with medication use, they are not necessarily harmful and are often anticipated. An enhancement of the therapeutic effect is also considered a positive outcome rather than an adverse effect. Understanding the potential for adverse effects is essential for healthcare providers in order to manage and inform patients adequately about the risks associated with their treatments.