Which component can be included in a urine specimen test?

In a urine specimen test, specific gravity, sugar, and protein are important components that provide valuable information about a patient's health status.

Specific gravity measures the concentration of solutes in the urine, which can indicate hydration status or kidney function. For instance, a high specific gravity may suggest dehydration or that the kidneys are conserving water, while a low specific gravity could indicate overhydration or issues with kidney concentrating ability.

Sugar in the urine can be an indicator of diabetes mellitus, as the presence of elevated glucose levels often signifies that the kidneys are unable to reabsorb glucose effectively, leading to its excretion in urine. Protein in the urine can signal kidney damage or disease, as healthy kidneys typically prevent significant amounts of protein from passing into the urine.

While color and clarity, temperature and volume, and odor and sediment are also aspects that can be assessed in urine tests, they are not as specifically indicative of metabolic or systemic health issues as the components mentioned in the correct answer. Therefore, the inclusion of specific gravity, sugar, and protein provides crucial diagnostic information when evaluating urine specimens.