Which of the following conditions can result in proteinuria?

Proteinuria refers to the presence of abnormal quantities of protein in the urine, which can be an indicator of kidney disease or other medical conditions. The correct answer focuses on diabetes and hypertension, as both conditions are known to lead to changes in kidney function.

Diabetes can cause damage to the blood vessels in the kidneys, a condition known as diabetic nephropathy, leading to protein leakage into the urine. Hypertension (high blood pressure) can also harm the kidneys over time, contributing to kidney disease and resulting in proteinuria. The combination of diabetes and hypertension creates a significant risk factor for developing chronic kidney issues, making it essential for management and monitoring in affected individuals.

Other conditions listed do not typically lead to proteinuria. Anemia, while a serious health issue, does not directly relate to protein levels in urine. Chronic cough and allergy symptoms are also unrelated to the mechanisms that would result in protein being present in urine. Therefore, understanding the association between kidney function and conditions like diabetes and hypertension is crucial for recognizing and addressing proteinuria effectively.